Redditch Worcestershire Family History Guide

Redditch, a chapelry in Tardebigge parish, Worcestershire.

Status: Chapelry

Parish church:

Parish registers begin:

• Parish registers: 1770; see also Tardebigge
• Bishop’s Transcripts: 1791

Nonconformists include: Arminians, Independents, and Wesleyans; and a Roman Catholic chapel

Adjacent Parishes

• Headless Cross
• Beoley
• Tardebigge
• Alvechurch

Parish History

The Imperial Gazetteer of England & Wales 1870

REDDITCH, a town and a township-chapelry in Tardebigg parish, Worcester. The town stands at the boundary with Warwickshire, and at the terminus of a branch railway, 1 mile W of the river Arrow, and 6 ESE of Bromsgrove.

It has, of late years, undergone great extension; carries on a vast manufacture of needles, fish-hooks, and similar articles; is a seat of petty-sessions and county courts; and has a head post-office, a railway station, two banking offices, two chief inns, a police station, a church, five dissenting chapels, a Roman Catholic chapel, a literary and scientific institute, a mixed national school, Wesleyan schools, a fair on the first Monday of Aug., another fair on the third Monday of Sept., and races on Whit-Monday and Whit-Tuesday.

The railway goes 4¾ miles northwestward, into junction with the Midland system at Barnt-Green; was authorized in 1858, on a capital of £35,000 in shares, and £11, 500 in loans; was opened in Sept. 1859; and was leased, in 1865, to the Midland.

The church was built in 1855, at a cost of £7,463; is in the decorated Gothic style; and consists of nave, aisles, and raised chancel, with tower and spire. Bordesley abbey occupied a site in the neighbourhood; and a chapel of it was the only place of worship for Redditch till 1807. The chapelry comprises 1,835 acres. Real property, £17, 265; of which £601 are in the railway, and £100 in gas-works. Pop. In 1851, 4, 802; in 1861, 5, 441. Houses, 1,110. The property is much subdivided. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Worcester. Value, £300. Patron, Baroness Windsor.

Source: The Imperial Gazetteer of England & Wales [Wilson, John M]. A. Fullarton & Co. N. d. c. [1870-72].

A Topographical Dictionary of England 1848

REDDITCH, a chapelry, in the parish of Tardebigg, union of Bromsgrove, Upper division of the hundred of Halfshire, Droitwich and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, 6 miles (E. S. E.) from Bromsgrove; containing about 4000 inhabitants.

This flourishing place, which has the appearance of a small market-town, is pleasantly situated on a commanding eminence, near the Warwickshire border. The main street runs for a considerable length from north to south, having a very spacious triangular area near the centre; and on the east and west sides of this street are several other respectable streets and places, many of the houses being handsome and well built.

Redditch has long been famous for the manufacture of needles, fish-hooks, fishing-tackle, bodkins, &c., here brought to the greatest perfection, and, with pin-making, lately introduced, affording employment to about 6000 persons in the town and neighbourhood. It has not been ascertained when the business was commenced in this quarter, but in 1770 it had already employed as many as a thousand persons. There are fairs for cattle, on the first Monday in August and third Monday in September. The powers of the county debt-court of Redditch, established in 1847, extend over the parishes of Tardebigg, Ipsley, Beoley, Alvechurch, and Coston-Hacket.

The chapelry comprises 2132 acres of land. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £120; patron, the vicar of Tardebigg. The chapel, built in 1807, stands in the centre of the town, and is a plain but neat stone structure with a cupola, and contains 900 sittings. There are places of worship for Arminians, Independents, and Wesleyans; and a Roman Catholic chapel, a stately edifice, has been built at an expense of about £6000. A national school, the premises for which were rebuilt in the year 1845, is supported by a donation of £70 per annum from the Countess Amherst.

Source: A Topographical Dictionary of England by Samuel Lewis 1848

Worcestershire Delineated C. and J. Greenwood 1822

Redditch – a hamlet and chapelry to the parish of Tardebigg, in the hundred of Halfshire, upper division, 6 miles E.S.E. from Bromsgrove, and 110 from London.

This place has long been famous for the manufacture of needles and fish-hooks, and has the appearance of a small market town. The chapel stands in the centre of the village, and is a neat modern edifice, well paved, with a good gallery, and has altogether a very respectable appearance. Population returned with Tardibigg [sic].

Source: Worcestershire Delineated: Being a Topographical Description of Each Parish, Chapelry, Hamlet, &c. In the County; with the distances and bearings from their respective market towns, &c. By C. and J. Greenwood. Printed by T. Bensley, Crane Court, Fleet Street, London, 1822.

Parish Registers

Redditch Marriages 1808 to 1812

Note. – Redditch was formerly only a chapelry in the parish of Tardebigge, and the Rev. Horace Newton reports that the following nine marriages are the only ones he can find to have been Solemnized at Redditch prior to 1813. He has kindly supplied particulars and they are now printed under his supervision after comparison with the original Register. With the exception of three, the Marriages are by banns.

Marriages at Redditch 1808 to 1812

Henry Bartleet, w., & Sarah Bates, w., both of this p., lic., 20 Sept. 1808

Joseph Hill, b., & Sarah Davis, s., both of this p., 3 Apr. 1809

Thomas Lewis, b., & Elizabeth Sealy, “a spinstress,” both of this p., 6 Nov. 1809

Edward Gardner, b., & Mary Davis, s., both of this p., 26 Dec. 1809

Jonathan Ikin, b., of St. George, Bloomsbury, Middlesex, & Elizabeth Bartleet, s., this p., lic., 18 Jan. 1810

Charles Palmer & Mary Clark, of this p., 5 Mar. 1810

Job Edwards & Elizabeth Headon, both of this p., 11 June 1810

William Chair, b., & Hannah Lindon, both of this p., 4 Mar. 1811

Daniel Allens, of the 24th Regiment of Infantry, & Elizabeth Baker, of the parish of Alcester, lic., 10 Oct. 1811

Source: Worcester Parish Registers. Marriages. Edited by W. P. W. Phillimore, M.A., B.C.L., and W. F. Carter, B. A. Vol. I. London: Issued to the Subscribers by Phillimore & Co. 124 Chancery Lane. 1901.

Worcestershire Historical Directories

Directory Transcriptions

Redditch Pigots Directory 1842

Redditch is a hamlet and chapelry in that part of the parish of Tardebigg which is in the upper division of the hundred of Halfshire; 111 miles N.W. from London, 19 N. by E. from Worcester, 12 S. from Birmingham, 6 N. by W. from Alcester, and four miles and a half S. E. from the Bromsgrove station on the line of the Birmingham and Gloucester railway; pleasantly situated on a commanding eminence, near the Warwickshire border.

A Cistercian abbey, of considerable note, formerly existed at Bordesley, near this place, some slight remains of which may still be traced; it was founded in 1138 by the Empress Matilda, and at the dissolution was granted to an ancestor of the late Earl of Plymouth.

The articles of manufacture for which this place has long been famous are needles and fish-hooks; in the production of the former about eight thousand persons are employed in the village and neighbourhood.

A constable is appointed annually, in October, at the court leet of the lord of the manor, the Hon. R. H. Clive, whose seat, Hewell, is about a mile and a half from the village; the building is much admired for its simple elegance, and the park surrounding it is finely wooded, and laid out with rustic taste. A court of requests for the recovery of small debts is held at certain periods, at the Unicorn inn.

The places of worship are a chapel of ease, and one each for independents, Wesleyan and primitive Methodists, and Roman catholics: the last-named, a neat edifice, was opened in 1834. The Rev. G. F. Fessey is the perpetual curate of Redditch.

A national school, supported by the Countess of Plymouth, and Sunday schools connected with the places of worship, afford instruction to the poorer class of children. Two fairs are held here, on the first Monday in August and the third Monday in September, both for cattle. The population of the hamlet is returned with that of the parish of Tardebigg.

POST OFFICE, Chapel-green, Elizabeth Taylor, Post Mistress. – Letters from London, Birmingham, &c. arrive (by horse post from Bromsgrove) every morning at half-past six, and are despatched every evening at half-past six. – Letters from Alcester, Stratford, &c. arrive (by mail cart) every evening at half-past eight, and are despatched at the same time.

GENTRY & CLERGY.

Addenbroke Rev. Edward (rector) Mount Pleasant
Aston the Hon. and Rev. Lord (vicar) Vicarage, Tardebigg
Callow John, esq. Tardebigg
Clayton Rev. John, Redditch
Clive the Hon. Col. R. H., Hewell
Cookes Thomas, esq. Bentley lodge
Emmott Captain Wm. Tutnall house
Fessey Rev. Geo. Fredk. Tardebigg
Hemming William, esq. (magistrate) Foxlydiate house, Tardebigg
Humphreys Rev. Henry, Evesham St
Reading Mr. Joseph, William St

ACADEMIES & SCHOOLS.

Boulton the Misses – , (boarding and day) Chapel green
National School, Redditch – John Osborne, master
Shore Thomas T. Evesham St
Shrimpton Mary, Chapel green
Thomlinson Wm. Henry, Evesham St

ATTORNEY.

Browning Edward (and clerk to the magistrates and court of requests) Chapel green

AUCTIONEERS.

Endall Edward, Evesham St
Phillips James Banning (& currier) Fish hill

BAKERS & FLOUR DEALERS.

Adams Charles, Chapel green
Allen Elizabeth, Chapel green
Brown Benjamin, Evesham St
Kinchin William, (and confectioner) Easmore lane
Millward Edward, Redlion St
Roberts Catherine, Chapel green
Sarsons Benjamin, Chapel green
Steward John, Dorset terrace

BANKERS.

Stourbridge & Kidderminster Banking Company (branch, open on Tuesdays) Chapel green – (draw on Smith, Payne & Smiths, London) – Wm. Henry Boulton, agent
Savings’ Bank, Chapel green – John Osborne, actuary

BLACKSMITHS.

Allcock John, jun. Alcester St
Cund Joseph, Tutnell
Gardener William, Fish hill
Johnson Dennis, Alcester St
Owen William, Forge
Perry Charles, Easmore lane
Tongue Edward, Upper Bentley

BOOKSELLERS & STATIONERS.

Bromley Sarah, Fish hill
Hemming Wm. Thomas, Fish hill
Osborne John, Chapel green

BOOT & SHOE MAKERS.

Andrews Thomas, Redditch
Blackford William, Alcester St
Davis James, New end
Davis William, Evesham St
Davis William, jun. Fish hill
Fowkes John, Alcester St
Gibbs William, Evesham St
Harris Edward, Evesham St
Huins Thomas, Breedon
Powell Edward, Evesham St
Rogers John, Dorset terrace
Smith George, Evesham St
Smith James, Evesham St
Wakefield John, Alcester St
Wright Abner, Chapel green

BREWERS.

Adams Charles, Chapel green
Adams Sarah, Redditch

BUTCHERS.

Abbott George, Walford St
Abbott Matilda, Chapel green
Allen George, Chapel green
Allen Henry, Unicorn hill
Bradshaw James, Redlion St
Briggs James, Evesham St
Fisher Thomas, Chapel green
Nicholls John, Chapel green
Vincent Henry, Evesham St
Welsbourne John, Unicorn hill

CHINA, GLASS, &C. DEALERS.

Davis Richard, Evesham St
Merry William, Alcester St
Parker John, Chapel green

CHYMISTS & DRUGGISTS.

Brown George, Evesham St
Overbury Joseph, Alcester St
Wilson James Thomas, Chapel green

FIRE, &C. OFFICE AGENTS.

Birmingham (fire) William Henry Boulton, Chapel green
County (fire) John Osborne, Chapel green
European (life) Edward Browning, Chapel green

FISHING TACKLE MAKERS.

Adams John, Evesham St
Cox John, New end
Hollington William, Chapel green
Yoxall William & Sons, Unicorn hill

GROCERS & DEALERS IN SUNDRIES.

Allbutt Richard, Fish hill
Booker Joseph, Mount pleasant
Boulton Wm. Henry, Chapel green
Brown George, Evesham St
Chaterley George, Mount pleasant
Davis Richard, Evesham St
Gibbs Thomas, Evesham St
Gibbs William, Evesham St
Huins Thomas, Breedon
James John, Chapel green
James William Henry, Chapel green
Jones Hannah, Evesham St
Merry Thomas, Alcester St
Merry William, Alcester St
Overbury Joseph, Alcester St
Powell William, Prospect row
Purcell James, Breedon
Ricketts William (and hops)
Watson James, Chapel green

HOSIERS.

Allbutt William, Alcester St
Shrimpton John, Chapel green

INNS & PUBLIC HOUSES.

Crown, Joseph Davis
Fox and Goose, Thomas Fowkes, Chapel green
Fox and Goose, John George Hill, Foxylidiate [sic], Tardebigg
Plymouth Arms, John Durham, Tutnell
Red Lion, John Brown, Redlion St
Unicorn (and posting house) George Dakin, Unicorn hill
Warwick Arms, Sarah Adams, Redditch

RETAILERS OF BEER.

Adams Charles, Chapel green
Allen Henry, Unicorn hill
Avery James, Evesham St
Bray Elizabeth, Chapel green
Brown Joseph, Alcester St
Bryan John, Evesham St
Chambers James, Fish hill
Davies John, Mount pleasant
Davis Emanuel, Breedon
Davis Thomas, Evesham St
Field John, Breedon
Field Richard, Mount pleasant
Fowkes Thomas, Alcester St
Gardener William
Guest John, Alcester St
Ledbury William, Walford St
Moore John, Redlion St
Oakley George
Parsons George, Mount pleasant
Prescott Thomas, Back hill
Smallwood George, Evesham St
Stanley Henry M. Redditch
Watson James, Chapel green
Whateley John, Mount pleasant

JOINERS AND BUILDERS.

Allcock John, Alcester St
Bartleet Henry, Unicorn hill
Bernard Abraham (& cabinet maker) Evesham St
Clarke William (and ironmonger) Chapel green
Keogh Robert, Albert St
Robinson John, (and ironmonger) Chapel green
Stratton Samuel (and architect) William St

LINEN & WOOLLEN DRAPRS.

Boulton Wm. Henry, Chapel green
Collier William, Evesham St
Hollington William, Evesham St
Neale William, Chapel green

MALTSTERS.

Adams Sarah, Fish hill
Fowkes Thomas, Chapel green
Russon Joseph, Red Lion St
Sarsons Benjamin, Chapel green

MERCHANTS & FACTORS.

Holyoake James (merchant) Unicorn hill
Swann Charles (factor) Redditch

MILLERS.

Whittington William, Ipsley Mill
Wilkes Robert, Redditch Mill

MILLINERS AND DRESS AND STRAW HAT MAKERS.

Blundell & Adams, Evesham St
Fowkes Sarah, Alcester St
Gregg Elizabeth, Evesham St
Harris Ann, Evesham St
Mogg Eliza, Chapel green
Nicholls & Provost

NEEDLE AND FISH-HOOK MANUFACTURERS.

Bartleet William, Evesham St
Bartleet William & Sons (& patentees of perfect-eyed needles) and 73 Aldermanbury, London
Bate Rebecca, Brockhill lane
Baylis Thomas & Co. Redditch
Boulton & Son, Chapel green
Chambers John C. Ipsley
Clarke Wm. & Co. Mount pleasant
Field Thomas
Field W. & W.
Gibbins William, Evesham St
Gould William & Son, Alcester St
Guardner Elizabeth, Unicorn hill
Hemming Henry (general fancy fish-hook) Chapel green
Hemming Richard & Son, & Forge Mills
Holyoake Thomas & Joseph (and pin) Redditch Mills
James Richard, Evesham St
Lloyd Edmund & Co. Evesham St
Lloyd James (needle) Evesham St
Locke & Mills, Unicorn hill, and 3 Scott’s yard, Cannon St, London
Mills John & Matthew, Ipsley
Millward Henry & Sons
Moore John, Red Lion St
Perks Edward (& pin) Evesham St; Stoke, and 34 Poultry, London
Reading & turner, Redditch
Shrimpton John Titus, Chapel green
Shrimpton Peter, Steam Mills
Shrimpton William & Sons, Steam Mills
Smallwood Edwin, Chapel green
Stanley Hy. M. (fish-hook) Redditch
Tandy Thos. Unicorn hill
Thomas Samuel, British Needle Mills
Thompson John, Redditch
Thornton William, Evesham St
Turner Thos. (needle only) Fish hill
Warrin Joseph, Chapel green
Westwood Jas. Evesham St.
Wilkes Robert (needle) Redditch Mills
Wyers Richard, Unicorn hill
Yarnall Jos. (scourer) Brockhill lane

PLUMBERS, PAINTERS AND GLAZIERS.

Brown Charles, Alcester St
Chambers James, Fish hill
Cheesman & Stanley, Fish hill
Clarkson John, Unicorn hill
Perry Thomas, Dorset terrace
Wyers Henry, Evesham St

PRINTERS.

Marked thus * are both Letter-press and Copper-plate Printers.
Billing Jonathan (copper-plate) Dorset terrace
Bready Michael (copper-plate) Albert street
*Broomley Sarah
Gladwell Daniel (and book-binder)
*Gregg Hammilton, Evesham St
*Hemming W. T. Fish hill
*Osborne John, Chapel green

SURGEONS.

Pratt Alexander, Chapel green
Royston Christr. Fish hill
Taylor Hugh & John James, Chapel green

TAILORS.

Jones Benjamin
Palmer Job, Evesham St
Palmer Job, jun. (and draper) Evesham St
Palmer John (and draper)
Powell Thomas, Red Lion St
Vincent John (and pawnbroker) Evesham St
Watts George, Evesham St
Whateley Thomas, Alcester St

TIN-PLATE WORKERS.

Hayward William, Evesham St
Rickards Richard, Chapel green

MISCELLANEOUS.

Bott Ann, swivel maker, Alcester St
Davis James, saddler, Evesham St
Fowkes Joseph, leather cutter, Alcester St
Freeman James, cooper, Evesham St
Gartridge Benjn. smallware dlr. Evesham St
Hand John, portrait painter, Fish hill
Mountford Henry, hair dresser, Evesham St
Osborne John, accountant and registrar of births and deaths, Chapel green
Parr Thomas, paper maker, Beoley mill
Powell William, millwright, Prospect row
Robinson John, stone mason, Chapel green
Simmons Charles Sadler, watch and clock maker, Evesham street

COACHES.

To BIRMINGHAM, the Quicksilver (from Evesham) calls at the Unicorn, every forenoon (Sunday excepted) at eleven, and the Dart, from the Fox and Goose, every Monday, Thursday and Saturday morning, at eight, and Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday, at half-past ten.
To EVESHAM, the Quicksilver, from Birmingham, calls at the Unicorn, every evening (Sunday excepted) at seven.

CONVEYANCE BY RAILWAY.

THE NEAREST RAILWAY STATION IS THAT NEAR BROMSGROVE, ON THE BIRMINGHAM & GLOUCESTER LINE ABOUT 4 ½ MILES N.W. FROM REDDITCH.
Further particulars relating to this and other lines of railway are furnished by the Railway Tables.

CARRIERS.

To ALCESTER, William Clark, from the Fox and Goose, every Saturday.
To BIRMINGHAM, Richard Humphreys and John Jolly, from the Fox & Goose, every Tuesday, Thursday & Saturday.
To WORCESTER, Wm. Williams, from Elizabeth Bray’s, Chapel green, Wednesday and Saturday.

Source: Pigot & Co.’s Royal National and Commercial Directory and Topography of the Counties of Warwickshire, Leicestershire, Rutlandshire, Northamptonshire, Staffordshire and Worcestershire 1841/1842

Redditch Lewis Worcestershire Directory 1820

Abbott Thomas, farmer
Avery William, smith

Balden Samuel, baker
Bartlett William & Sons, needle makers
Bartlett William, jun. needle maker
Bartlett John, carpenter
Bartlett S. dress maker
Bate T. & J. needle makers
Bayliss T. needle maker
Boulter J. needle maker
Boulton Williams & Son, needle makers
Boulton R. & Son, drapers
Boulton Wm. butcher
Boxidge John, tinman
Bromley C. B. printer &c.
Brown Thomas, baker
Brown Martha, school

Carr Barnabas, butcher
Chambers Jas. plumber
Chillingworth & Cooper, needle factors, &c.
Clarke J. fish hook maker
Cooper J. fish hook maker
Court Thos. watch maker
Cox C. E. fishing tackler
Cutler J. coal merchant
Crow J. needle maker

Davis James, saddler
Davis Thomas, hallier
Davis Joseph, shoemaker

Field Wm. needle maker
Field Thos. needle maker
Field John, scourer
Fowkes Thomas, vict.
Fowkes J. shoemaker
Frances T. farmer, &c.

Gibbs Wm. shoemaker
Gittins John, carpenter
Gould W. needle maker
Guardner R. M. solicitor

Hands Thomas, saddler
Hemming R. and Son, needle makers
Holyoake T. & J. needle makers
Holyoake B. needle maker
Horton William, farmer
Houghton M. needle maker
Hulme Rev. Charles

James J. fish hook maker

Ireland Joseph, grocer

Lea Rev. William
Lewis J. smith
Lloyd and Co. needle makers
Lowe John, grocer

Mence Thos. victualler
Millward J. needle maker
Millward Henry, factor
Mitchell William, factor
Moore John, farmer
Morris Edward, carpenter

Parker John, grocer
Peakman J. needle maker
Perkes Edw. needle maker
Perry Thomas, smith
Pratt Alexander, surgeon
Prescott T. needle maker

Reading and Turner, needle makers
Rickards S. tinman
Robinson John, carpenter

Sarsons Benjamin, baker
Sarsons Thomas, farmer
Scambler Charles, baker
Shakle John, tailor
Shrimpton William, needle maker
Shrimpton Peter, needle maker
Smallwood William, needle maker
Smith Thomas, butcher
Smith John, farmer
Sprigg William, draper
Stephens Richard, farmer
Steward Charles, saddler
Swann Charles, factor

Tandy T. needle maker
Taylor Hugh, surgeon
Trubshaw Charles, baker, draper and grocer
Turner J. needle maker

Vaughan Thomas, grocer
Vincent Joseph, farmer

Waring P. hair dresser
Williams J. needle maker
Williams T. needle maker
Willis Herbert, victualler
Wyers S. needle maker
Wyes Henry, plumber

Yoxall W. fishing tackler

Source: S Lewis Worcestershire General and Commercial Directory for 1820.

Bankrupts from Redditch

Below is a list of people that were declared bankrupt between 1820 and 1843 extracted from The Bankrupt Directory; George Elwick; London; Simpkin, Marshall and Co.; 1843.

Allbutt William, Redditch, Worcester, draper, Nov. 17, 1840.

Allcock Polycarp, Redditch, Worcester, needle manufacturer, March 4, 1831.

Ashwin Charles, Redditch, Worcestershire, linendraper, July 4, 1837.

Ashwin William, Redditch, Worcestershire, grocer and draper, Dec. 18, 1827.

Bartleet Henry, Redditch, Worcestershire builder, April 4, 1837.

Bartleet William, Redditch. Worcestershire, needle manufact., Oct. 10, 1837.

Boulton John. Redditch, Worcestershire, dealer and chapman, Dec. 10, 1833.

Chillingworth Eliz.; & Thos. Cooper; Redditch, needle manufs., Feb. 10, 1824.

Clarke William, Redditch, Worcestershire, builder, Feb. 26, 1833.

Dance William, Redditch, Worcestershire, maltster, Aug. 9, 1833.

Guardner James, Redditch, Worcestershire, needle maker, Aug. 17, 1832.

Guardner James, Redditch, Worcestershire, needle manufacturer, May 3, 1836.

Hilliard Wm. Edw., Redditch, Worcester, chemist & druggist, April 22, 1826.

Holyoake John Jas., Redditch, Worcester, needle manufacturer, Nov. 11, 1836.

James William Henry, Redditch, ironmonger and grocer, Oct. 20, 1837.

Lloyd Edmund, Redditch, Worcestershire, needle manufact., April 22, 1831.

Pratt Alex.. Redditch, Worcestershire, surgeon & apothecary, Dec. 7, 1882.

Roberts Samuel, Redditch, Worcestershire, draper, June 12, 1832.

Tandy Thomas, Redditch, Worcestershire, needle manufacturer, Jan 1, 1841.

Tay Tobias, Redditch, Worcestershire, victualler, Sept. 11, 1832.

Vincent John, Redditch, Worcestershire, pawnbroker, Dec. 13, 1842.

Walton James, Redditch, Worcestershire, victualler, June 7, 1836.

Administration

• County: Worcestershire
• Civil Registration District: Bromsgrove
• Probate Court: Court of the Bishop of Worcester (Episcopal Consistory)
• Diocese: Worcester
• Rural Deanery: Droitwich
• Poor Law Union: Bromsgrove
• Hundred: Halfshire
• Province: Canterbury